O padre, o psiquiatra e o problema do mal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21901/2448-3060/self-2021.vol06.0002Palabras clave:
Carl Jung, Victor White, livro de “Jó”, “Answer to Job”, malResumen
Este artigo trata do problema do mal dentro do quadro de referência da psicologia profunda. A primeira parte introduz, de modo breve, a narrativa do livro de “Jó” como um exemplo para contextualizar a questão fundamental da relação de Deus com o mal e de como ela permaneceu não respondida e foi deixada em aberto na teologia cristã. A segunda parte reconstrói, historicamente, a polêmica não resolvida a respeito da natureza do mal entre Carl Jung (1875-1961) e o scholar, teólogo e dominicano inglês, Victor White (1902-1960). Examina as diferentes especulações e formulações que ambos fizeram relativas ao mal e suas implicações psicológicas, até a ruptura final, após a severa resenha crítica de White a respeito da obra mais controversa de Jung sobre religião, “Answer to Job”. A parte final deste artigo introduz reflexões adicionais a um tema desafiador que é tão poderoso e relevante no mundo atual de terrorismo em nome da religião, quanto o era na Europa do pós-guerra, que lutava para recuperar-se do totalitarismo e do genocídio.
Descargas
Citas
Arraj, T. (2015). Profiles in Jungian-Christian dialogue with Adrian Cunningham: DVD (transcript online). Recuperado 11 nov. 2020, de http://www.innerexplorations.com/catjc/3.htm.
Augustine. (1912). Confessions (W. Watts, transl., Books I-VIII, Loeb Classical Library, nº 26). Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Bair, D. (2003). Jung: a biography. Boston: Little Brown.
Bishop, P. (2002). Jung’s answer to Job: a commentary. London: Routledge.
Brooks, R. M. (2011). Un-thought out metaphysics in analytical psychology: a critique of Jung’s epistemological basis for psychic reality. Journal of Analytical Psychology 56(4), 492-513. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5922.2011.01925.x
Buber, M. (1952). Eclipse of God: studies in the relation between religion and philosophy. New York: Harper and Row.
Bulkeley, K., & Weldon, C. (Eds.). (2011). Teaching Jung. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chase, S. (2013). Job: a theological commentary on the Bible. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press.
Corey, L. (1990). For the sake of God: a reply to Jung. San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal 9(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1525/jung.1.1990.9.1.27
Cunningham, A. (1981). Victor White and C.G. Jung: the fateful encounter of the white raven and the gnostic. New Blackfriars 62(733-734), 320-334.
Cunningham, A. (2007). Victor White: a memoir (Appendix 5, pp. 307-336). In Lammers, A., & Cunningham, A. (Eds.). The Jung-White letters. London: Routledge.
Davies, B. (Ed.). (2001). The ‘de malo’ of Thomas Aquinas. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dourley, J. (2007). The Jung-White dialogue and why it couldn’t work and won’t go away. Journal of Analytical Psychology 52(3), 275-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00663.x
Dourley, J. (2009). The religious significance of Jung’s psychology. International Journal for the Psychology and Religion 5(2), 73-89. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327582ijpr0502_1
Drob, S. (2012). Reading the Red Book: an interpretive guide to C.G. Jung’s Liber Novus. New Orleans: Spring Journal Books.
Edinger, E. (1992a). The creation of consciousness: Jung’s myth for modern man. Toronto: Inner City Books.
Edinger, E. (1992b). Transformation of the God-image: an elucidation of Jung’s Answer to Job. Toronto: Inner City Books.
Evans, E. (1954). An assessment of Jung’s Answer to Job. Guild of Pastoral Psychology 78, 5-26.
Fordham, M. (1955). An appreciation of answer to Job. British Journal of Medical Psychology 28(4), 271-273.
Gilbert, R. (Ed). (2008). Knowledge of the heart: gnostic movements and secret traditions. Surrey: Lewis Masonic/Ian Allan Publishing.
Goethe, J. W. (2007). Faust (J. R. Williams, trans, introd., notes. London: Wordsworth Classic of World Literature.
Hannah, B. (2001). Encounters with the Soul: active imagination as developed by C. G Jung. Brooklyn, NY: Chiron Publications.
Heisig, J. (1973). Jung and theology: a bibliographical essay. Spring, An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought. 204-55.
Heisig, J. (1979). Imago Dei: a study of C. G. Jung’s Psychology of religion. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press.
Hull, R. F. C. (1971). Bibliographical notes on active imagination in the works of C.G. Jung. Spring, An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought. 115-120.
Huskinson, L. (Ed.). (2008). Dreaming the myth onwards: new directions in Jungian therapy and thought. London: Routledge.
Jaffé, A. (1975). The myth of meaning. New York: Penguin Books.
Jung, C. G. (1973). C. G. Jung letters (A. Jaffé, org., & R. F. C. Hull, trans., Vols 1-2, 1906-1961). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Jung, C. G. ([1921]). Psychological types (CW, Vol. 6). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. ([1951]). Aion: researches of the phenomenology of the self (CW, Vol. 9/ii). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. ([1952]). Answer to Job (CW, Vol. 11). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Jung, C. G. ([1952/1953]). Foreword to White’s God and the unconscious. In Psychology and religion: west and east. (CW, Vol. 11). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Jung, C. G. ([1953]). Two essays on analytical psychology (CW, Vol. 7). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Jung, C. G. [1953]. The structure and dynamics of the psyche (CW, vol. 8, 2a ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. ([1954]). The symbolic life, miscellaneous writings (CW, Vol. 18). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. ([1955/1956]). Mysterium coniunctionis (CW, Vol. 14). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. ([1958]). Psychology and religion: west and east (CW, Vol. 11). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Jung, C. G. ([1964]). Civilization in transition (CW, Vol. 10). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Jung, C. G. ([1964]). Man and his symbols. London: Aldus Books Limited.
Jung, C. G. ([1968]). Alchemical studies (CW, Vol. 13). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. (1989/[1934/1939]). Nietzsche’s Zarathustra: notes of the seminar given in 1934-9 (Vol. 2). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Jung, C. G. (1995/[1962/1983]). Memories, dreams, reflections (A. Jaffé, ed., R. Winston, & C. Winston, transl.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963; reprint London: Fontana Press, 1995.
Jung, C. G. (2009). The red book: liber novus (S. Shamdasani, ed. and introd.). London & New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Jung, C. G. 2010. Answer to Job, with a foreword by Sonu Shamdasani. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kille, A D. (2001). Psychological biblical criticism. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress.
Kings, S. (1997). Jung’s hermeneutics of scripture. Journal of Religion,77(2), 233-251. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1205771
Lambert, K. (1955). Review: Jung’s answer to Job. Journal of Analytical Psychology 1(1), 100-108.
Lammers, A. (1994). In God’s shadow: the collaboration of Victor White and C.G. Jung. Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press.
Lammers, A. 2005. “The missing fourth” in the Jung-White letters. Guild of Pastoral Psychology 287, 1-24.
Lammers, A, & Cunningham, A. (Eds). (2007a). The Jung-White Letters. London: Routledge.
Lammers, A. (2007b). Jung and White and the God of terrible double aspect. Journal of Analytical Psychology 52(3), 253-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5922.2007.00662.x
Lévy-Valensi, É. (1991). Job: réponse à Jung. Paris: Éditions du Cerf.
Lewis, S. & Maslin, M. (2018). The human planet: how we created the anthropocene. London: Penguin Random House.
Livingston, J. C. (1997). Modern christian thought: the enlightenment and the Nineteenth Century (Vol. 1). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Livingston, J. C. (2000). Modern christian thought: the twentieth century (Vol. 2). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
MacKenna, C. (2008). Jung’s “White Raven”: review: the Jung-White letters. British Journal of Psychotherapy 24(3), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.2008.00091.x
Maillard, C. (2011). La penseé de Carl Gustav Jung et les courants néo-gnostiques de la première moitié du XXème siècle. In Arts, sciences et psychologie: l’élaboration de la pensée de Carl Gustav Jung entre ‘Fin de siècle’ et Première Guerre mondiale: autour du Livre Rouge (Recherches Germaniques, nº 8, pp. 99-116) Strasbourg. [n. n.].
Maillard, C. (2014). Jung’s “Seven sermons to the Dead” (1916): a gnosis for modernity: a multicultural vision of spirituality, In T. Kirsch, & G. Hogenson (Eds.) The red book: reflections on C. G. Jung’s liber novus (pp. 81-93). London: Routledge.
Maillard, C. 2017. Au cœur du Livre Rouge: les sept sermons aux morts. Paris: La Compagnie du Livre Rouge.
McGuire, W., & R. F. C. Hull. (Eds). (1977). C.G. Jung speaking: interviews and encounters (Bollingen series) Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Meyer, W. (2008). Birthpangs of a christianity for the future?: review of: the Jung-White letters. Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche 2(4), 95-97.
Miller, D. L. (1995). Jung and the interpretation of the Bible. New York: Continuum.
Nagy, M. (1991). Philosophical issues in the psychology of C.G. Jung. New York: State of University Press.
Naso, R., & Mills, J. (2016). Ethics of evil: psychoanalytic investigations. London, New York: Routledge.
Naso, R., & Mills, J. (2016). Humanizing evil: psychoanalytic, philosophical and clinical perspectives. London, New York: Routledge.
Oglesby, Les. 2017. C. G. Jung and Hans urs von Balthasar: God and evil: a critical comparison. Hove: Routledge.
Owens, L. S. (2010). The hermeneutics of vision: C.G. Jung and Liber Novus. The Gnostic: A Journal of Gnosticism, Western Esotericism and Spirituality (3), 23-36.
Parsons, G. (1981). The structure and purpose of the Book of Job. Biblioteca Sacra 138 (550), 139-157.
Parsons, G. (1981). Literary features of the Book of Job. Biblioteca Sacra 138 (551), 213-229.
Ribi, A. (2013). The search for roots: C.G. Jung and the tradition of gnosis. Los Angeles: Gnosis Archive Books.
Rollins, W. G. (1983). Jung and the Bible. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press.
Rollins, W. G. (1999). Soul and psyche: the Bible in psychological perspective. Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress.
Rutte, J. (2009). The White-Jung friendship: the untold story. Psychological Perspectives 52 (3), 292-314.
Schlamm, L. (2004). Review: Jung’s Answer to Job: a commentary. Harvest: Journal of Jungian Studies 50 (2), 181-195.
Schlamm, L. (2008a). Active imagination in Answer to Job. In L. Huskinson (Ed.). Dreaming the myth onwards: new directions in Jungian therapy and thought (pp. 109-121). London: Routledge.
Sedgwick, D. (2002). Answer to Job revisited: Jung on the problem of evil. The San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal 21(3), 5-22.
Shamdasani, S. (1995). Memories, dreams, omissions. Spring: A Journal of Archetype and Culture (57), 111-132.
Shamdasani, S. (2010). Foreword (pp. vii-x). In Jung: Answer to Job. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Shamdasani, S. (2009). Introduction. In: The Red Book: Liber Novus. London, New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
Shamdasani, S. (2012). C. G. Jung: a biography in books. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company.
Spiegelman, M. (2006). C. G. Jung’s Answer to Job: a half century later. Journal of Jungian Theory and Practice 8 (1), 1-17.
Stein, M. (1995). Jung on evil. Hove: Routledge.
Stein, M. (2003). The role of Victor White in C. G. Jung’s Writings. Guild of Pastoral Psychology 285, 1-24.
Stein, M. (2007a). Of texts and contexts: reflections upon the publication of The Jung-White Letters’, Journal of Analytical Psychology 52 (3), 297-319.
Stein, M. (2007b). Foreword (pp. ix-xi). In Lammers, A., & Cunningham, Adrian. (Eds.). The Jung-White letters. London: Routledge.
Stein, M., & Raya, J. (Eds.). (2010). Cultures and identities in transition. London: Routledge.
Stein, M. (2011). Fr. Victor White OP.: the story of Jung’s “White Raven” (review). The Catholic Historical Review 97 (3), 601-602. https://doi.org/10.1353/cat.2011.0104
Tardieu, M. (2009). Manichaeism. Illinois: University of Illinois Press.
Von Franz, M-L. 1995. Shadow and evil in fairy tales. Boston: Shambhala.
Von Franz, M-L. (1997). Psychotherapy. Boston: Shambhala.
Von Franz, M-L. (1998). C.G. Jung: his myth in our time. Toronto: Inner City Books.
Weldon, C. (2007). Fr. Victor White OP.: the story of Jung’s ‘White Raven’. Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press.
Weldon, C. (2010). Types of thomists: Victor White’s use of Aquinas exemplary of a dialectical synthesis (pp. 175-182). In Stein, M., & Raya J. (Eds.). Cultures and identities in transition. London: Routledge.
Weldon, C. (2011). God on the couch (pp. 115-125). In Bulkeley, K., & Weldon, C. (Eds.). Teaching Jung. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
White, V. (1949). Eranos: 1947/1948. Dominican Studies (4), 395-400.
White, V. (1952). God and the unconscious. London: Harvill Press.
White, V. (1960). Soul and psyche: an enquiry into the relationship of psychotherapy and religion. New York: Harper.
White, V. (2007). Jung on Job (Appendix 6, pp. 349-356). In Lammers, A., & Cunningham, A. (Eds.). The Jung-White letters. London: Routledge.
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
La revista Self adopta la licencia Creative Commons “Atribuição 4.0 Internacional”, clasificada como Licencia de Cultura Libre, que permite la copia y distribución de los trabajos publicados en cualquier medio o formato y permite que otros transformen, hagan adaptaciones o creen obras derivadas para todos los usos, inclusive comerciales, desde que sea dado el debido crédito a la publicación. (Más detalles en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Al enviar trabajos a la revista, los autores aceptan los términos de esta licencia y concuerdan en ceder los derechos autorales del manuscrito para la publicación. Junto con el trabajo, los autores deben enviar el documento de transferencia de derechos autorales debidamente firmado (ver en Directrices para Autores).
